ABSTRACT

Infection with two strains of HIV-1 has important implications for understanding HIV transmission and for vaccine development; however, frequency and pathogenic consequences of dual infection are unknown. We assessed 64 patients for dual infection with heteroduplex mobility assay, viral sequencing, and phylogenetic methods. HIV disease outcomes were available in 34 patients. Five of these with AIDS endpoints had dual infection with HIV-1: four were cases of co-infection, and one was superinfection. In all five, time from seroconversion to clinical AIDS or to CD4+ T-cell count less than 200 cells per µL was very rapid (<3.4 and <3.1 years, respectively). Our findings should prompt larger studies to assess the effect of dual infection at the population level.

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